This study compares the abrasion characteristics of concrete pavements with exposed aggregates and transverse tining textures under surface deterioration conditions. Deicer scaling resistance tests and dressing wheel abrasion tests were conducted to simulate surface deterioration under environmental and wheel loading conditions, respectively. Dressing wheel abrasion tests showed that the abrasion depths in concrete with 8 mm and 10 mm exposed aggregate textures were 43% and 36% lower, respectively, than those with transverse tining surface textures. After 40 cycles of the deicer scaling resistance test, the abrasion depth in the tining surface textured concrete did not satisfy the abrasion criterion of concrete pavements. Therefore, the long-term durability of the exposed aggregate texture can be ensured against abrasion and surface deterioration resistance during the pavement service life.